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CONTENTS
1 General
2 Terminology
3 Cement Stabilized Soil
3.1 General
3.2 Materials
3.3 Design of mixture composition
3.4 Mixed in place method
3.5 Centralized central-plant mixing method
3.6 Curing and traffic control
3.7 Construction organization and division of working sections
3.8 Miscellaneous
6 Graded crushed rock
6.1 General
6.2 Materials
6.3 Mixed in place method
6.4 Centralized central-plant mixing method
8 Dry bound macadam
8.1 General
8.2 Materials
8.3 Construction
9 Quality Control, Inspection and Acceptance
9.1 General
9.2 Standard tests of materials
9.3 Placing testing section
9.4 Quality management
9.5 Inspection and acceptance
Annex A Calculation and Inspection of Rebound Deflection Value
Annex B Positioning of In Situ Random Sampling Positions
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1 General
1.0.1 The specifications are hereby formulated for purposes of meeting the needs for highway construction in China, constructing highway base of the required quality and preventing the occurrence of premature failure in the surface as a result of base of poor quality.
1.0.2 The specifications are applicable to the construction of base and sub-base of rigid (cement concrete) pavements, semirigid (semirigid base asphalt) pavements and flexible (flexible base asphalt or of middle grade) pavements of highways of all grades, newly built or rebuilt.
1.0.3 The specifications provide for requirements on the construction and quality control with respect of cement stabilized soil, lime stabilized soil, lime industrial waste stabilized soil, graded crushed rocks, graded gravel and dry bound macadam.
1.0.4 When the base is made of asphalt macadam mixture and bituminous penetration crushed rocks, the technical requirements, construction method and quality control shall be subject to national standard Code for Construction and Acceptance of Asphalt Pavement (GB50092).
1.0.5 When the base is made of lean concrete and roller compaction concrete, the technical requirements, construction method and quality control shall be subject to national standard Specifications for Constructions and Acceptance of Road Concrete Pavement (GBJ97) and the specifications.
1.0.6 For a middle grade pavement to be rebuilt for upgrading the grade, its base structure shall be of that set forth in the specifications as the main supporting course and sandy gravel, screenings soil, sand soil, etc above it may be used as the wearing course.
1.0.7 Technical requirements, construction method and quality control of the cushion course shall conform to provisions of the specifications on the sub-base of similar materials.
1.0.8 The specifications adopt the maximum dry density of the heavy compaction test method as the standard dry density.
1.0.9 Test methods referred to in the specifications shall conform to provisions on related testing regulations now in effect as issued by the Ministry of Communications.
2 Terminology
2.0.1 Base
Directly below the asphalt surface course, the main supporting course made of high quality materials; or directly below the cement concrete decking, the course made of high quality materials. The base may be of one course or two courses, made of one or two materials.
2.0.2 Sub-base
Below the asphalt pavement base, the secondary supporting course made of relatively good quality materials; or below the cement concrete pavement base, the auxiliary course made of relatively good quality materials. The sub-base may be of one course or more than two courses, made of one or two materials.
2.0.3 Fine grained soil
It refers to the maximum particle size lower than 9.5 mm and the contents of particles which the size less than 2.36 mm shall not lower than 90% (such as all sorts of cohesive soil, silty soil, cohesionless soil, sand and chip, etc, which differ in plasticity indexes)
2.0.4 Medium grained soil
It refers to the maximum particle size lower than 26.5 mm and the contents of particles which the size less than 19 mm shall not lower than 90% (such as gravelly soil, detritus soil, graded gravel, and graded broken stone, etc).
2.0.5 Coarse grained soil
It refers to the maximum particle size lower than 37.5 mm and the contents of particles which the size less than 31.5 mm shall not lower than 90% (such as gravelly soil, detritus soil, graded gravel, and graded broken stone, etc).
2.0.6 Cement stabilized soil
A generalized designation of mixtures with cement as the binding materials, not only including stabilizing various fine soil with cement, but also including stabilizing various medium grained soil and coarse grained soil. Cement stabilized soil refers to such mixture of specified compressive strength, from pulverized or originally incompact soils added with sufficient amounts of cement and water, as mixed, compacted and cured.
Mixtures of specified strength from cement stabilized fine grained soils may, depending on the types of soils used, be referred to soil cement, cement bonded sand or cement screenings.
Mixtures of specified strength from cement stabilized medium grained soils and coarse grained soils may, depending on the raw materials used, be referred to cement gravel, cement gravel, etc.
2.0.7 Composite stabilized soil
Mixture of specified strength from a certain soil concurrently stabilized by cement and lime;
2.0.8 Cement improved soil
Of graded gravel, with the plasticity index improved or the strength enhanced as a result of only a small amount of cement for purposes that it can be used as the base of asphalt surface course in the case of light traffic roads, but with the strength coming short of those set out in Table 3.3.1.
2.0.9 Coefficient of uniformity of soil
The ratio between the sieve size with the throughput capacity of 60% and the sieve size with that of 10%, calculated in sieving the grain composition of soil.
2.0.10 Aggregate
Of mineral aggregate mixture made of crushed rock (or gravel), sand grain and silt (sometimes, clay), dominated by crushed rock (or gravel) and sand grains.
For aggregate with grain size greater than 2.36mm, referred to as coarse aggregate and for that less than 2.36mm, referred to as fine aggregate.
2.0.11 Lime stabilized soil
Mixture of specified compressive strength, from pulverized or originally incompact soils (including all sorts of coarse, medium and fine soils) added with full amount of lime and water, as mixed, compacted and cured.
Lime soil refers to mixture of specified strength from lime stabilized fine grained soil.
Mixture of specified strength from lime stabilized medium grained soil and coarse grained soil, when the raw materials used are of natural sand sandy gravel or graded sand gravel, is referred to as lime sandy gravel and when the raw materials used are of gravel soil or graded crushed rock, referred to as lime gravel soil.
When lime is use to stabilize the middle grade pavement so that it can be used as a base of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement, it belongs to lime sandy gravel or lime gravel soil.
2.0.12 Lime improved soil
Of graded gravel, with the plasticity index improved or the strength enhanced as a result of only a small amount of lime for purposes that it can be used as the base of asphalt surface course in the case of light traffic roads, but the strength comes short of those set out in the table 4.3.1.
2.0.13 Lime industrial waste stabilized soil
Mixture of specified compressive strength from specified amounts of lime and coal ash, or lime and refuse coal with other aggregate, added with a proper amount of water (usually, the optimum water content), then mixed, compacted and cured. (Also referred to as lime industrial waste)
Mixtures of specified compressive strengths from specified amounts of lime and coal ash, from specified amounts of lime, coal ash and soil, and from specified amounts of lime, coal ash and sand, added with a proper amount of water (usually, the optimum water content), then mixed, compacted and cured, refer to two ash, two ash soil, and two ash sand, respectively.
Mixtures from lime and coal ash stabilized graded crushed rock or graded gravel, when the specified strengths are reached, refer to lime & coal ash graded crushed rock and lime & coal ash graded gravel, respectively. Collectively, the two mixtures refer to lime & coal ash graded aggregate, or respectively, two ash graded crushed rock, two ash graded gravel, and two ash graded aggregate.
Mixtures of specified strength from lime, refuse coal and soil as well as lime, refuse coal and aggregate, refer to lime refuse coal soil and lime refuse coal aggregate, respectively.
2.0.14 Graded crushed rock
Mixture of coarse, medium and small crushed rock aggregates and screenings, at specified proportions, with the grain compositions of which at specified compact gradation;
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