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Contents
1 General
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Main symbols
3 Embankment Reinforcement
3.1 General Provisions
3.2 Material Selection and Design Parameters
3.3 Structural Form
3.4 Design Calculation
3.5 Construction Focus
4 Filling and Reinforcement of Back Embankment
4.1 General Provisions
4.2 Laying of Geosynthetics
4.3 Construction Focus 19
5 Filtering and Drainage 21
5.1 General Provisions
5.2 Filter Design
5.3 Drainage Design
5.4 Construction Focus
6 Subgrade Protection
6.1 General Provisions
6.2 Slope Protection
6.3 Scour Protection
7 Pavement Crack Prevention
7.1 General Provisions
7.2 Material Requirements
7.3 Design and Construction Focus
8 Control, Check and Acceptance of Construction Quality
8.1 General Provisions
8.2 Acceptance of Materials
8.3 Construction of Test Section
8.4 Check and Acceptance
8.5 Quality Control
Explanation of Wording in this code
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1 General
1.0.1 To promote the spread and application of geosynthetics in highway engineering (Implement national technological economic policy in application) and guarantee safe and reliable engineering, hereby draw up this Specification.
1.0.2 This Specification applies to highway engineering at all levels that use geosynthetics.
1.0.3 Materials should be selected based on application purpose and specific engineering structure while using geosynthetics. Rock, pavement material or other materials that directly contact geosynthetics shouldn’t include chemical substances that may severely damage the physico-mechanical properties of geosynthetics.
1.0.4 Highway engineering that use geosynthetics should be designed based on the principle of safe, applicable and economical according to the grade, geological, hydrologic, meteorological conditions and structure program of subgrade and pavement of corresponding highway. The design should comply with the principle of suitable measures, reasonable materials, convenient construction and maintenance. Program comparison should be made if necessary.
1.0.5 Earthwork and stonework construction of engineering that use geosynthetics should be different from traditional earthwork and stonework, which must be carefully constructed based on design requirement.
1.0.6 With reinforcement, protection, filtration, drainage, isolation and other functions, geosynthetics should be selected and designed according to their main functions in structure while being used. If geosynthetics also have other functions whose effect need be considered except their main functions in structure, the verification and design of corresponding engineering should also be made.
1.0.7 Various parameters of geosynthetics specified and adopted in this Specification should be determined in line with the method stated in the Test Codes for Geosynthetics in Highway (JTJ/T 060).
1.0.8 The design, construction and relevant test method of engineering that use geosynthetics should comply with current national and ministerial specifications except in line with this Specification.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Geosynthetics
Various products made of synthetic polymer are the generic term of synthetic materials used in rock engineering. They can be placed inside and on the surface of rock or other engineering structures, or among structural layers, a new engineering material with rock reinforcement and protection or other structural functions.
2.1.2 Geonet
Mesh geosynthetics pressed with synthetic stripe or synthetic resin with planer structure.
2.1.3 Geogrid
Planar mesh material made of polymeric material after orientation stretching with open grid and high strength.
2.1.4 Fabriform
Continuous (or separate) baggy material made of double-layer polymeric chemical blended fabric. Concrete or mortar can be poured into fabriform with high-pressure pump instead of formwork and form platy structure or those with other shapes at last.
2.1.5 Geotextile
Planar geosynthetic with water permeability which can be divided into non-woven geotextile and woven geotextile according to manufacturing method. Non-woven geotextile is a textile combined with filament or fiber through directed or nondirective arrangement; woven geotextile is a textile interlaced with two groups of parallel filament or gauze in a certain way.
2.1.6 Geocomposite Drain
Geocomposite drain composited of non-woven geotextile, geonet, geomembrane or synthetic core materials with different shapes.
2.1.7 Glass Geogrid
Planar gridding material made of glass fiber.
2.1.8 Geomat
Intertwined three-dimensional mat made of thermoplastic resin after extrusion, stretch and other working procedures, which are interfused on junctions and whose bottom is high modulus base layer.
2.1.9 Equivalent Opening Size
An index to show the pore size of textile geosynthetics. Different equivalent opening sizes can be got according to distinct screen residue standards.
2.1.10 Equipment Opening Size
An index to show the pore size of gridding (e.g. geonet, geogrid) geosynthetics. It is the diameter of homalographic circle which is converted from the mesh with certain shape.
2.1.11 Indicative Grain Size
Soil grain size corresponding to a certain screen residue, an index to show the size of soil grain.
2.1.12 Reinforcement
It refers to mix or pave appropriate reinforced material in soil or other materials, or on the interface, an action to improve the strength of soil mass or structure and non-deformability.
2.1.13 Filtration
Also called reverse filter or inverted filter. It refers to the function that allows the fluid in soil in leakage state to pass but retains the solid particles as framework when the fluid flows through filter materials.
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